1 Samuel 23:24

Authorized King James Version

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And they arose, and went to Ziph before Saul: but David and his men were in the wilderness of Maon, in the plain on the south of Jeshimon.

Original Language Analysis

וַיָּק֛וּמוּ And they arose H6965
וַיָּק֛וּמוּ And they arose
Strong's: H6965
Word #: 1 of 13
to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
וַיֵּֽלְכ֥וּ H1980
וַיֵּֽלְכ֥וּ
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 2 of 13
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
זִ֖יפָה to Ziph H2128
זִ֖יפָה to Ziph
Strong's: H2128
Word #: 3 of 13
ziph, the name of a place in palestine; also of an israelite
לִפְנֵ֣י before H6440
לִפְנֵ֣י before
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 4 of 13
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
שָׁא֑וּל Saul H7586
שָׁא֑וּל Saul
Strong's: H7586
Word #: 5 of 13
shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites
וְדָוִ֨ד but David H1732
וְדָוִ֨ד but David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 6 of 13
david, the youngest son of jesse
וַֽאֲנָשָׁ֜יו H376
וַֽאֲנָשָׁ֜יו
Strong's: H376
Word #: 7 of 13
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
בְּמִדְבַּ֤ר were in the wilderness H4057
בְּמִדְבַּ֤ר were in the wilderness
Strong's: H4057
Word #: 8 of 13
a pasture (i.e., open field, whither cattle are driven); by implication, a desert
מָעוֹן֙ of Maon H4584
מָעוֹן֙ of Maon
Strong's: H4584
Word #: 9 of 13
maon, the name of an israelite and of a place in palestine
בָּֽעֲרָבָ֔ה in the plain H6160
בָּֽעֲרָבָ֔ה in the plain
Strong's: H6160
Word #: 10 of 13
a desert; especially (with the article prefix) the (generally) sterile valley of the jordan and its continuation to the red sea
אֶ֖ל H413
אֶ֖ל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 11 of 13
near, with or among; often in general, to
יְמִ֥ין on the south H3225
יְמִ֥ין on the south
Strong's: H3225
Word #: 12 of 13
the right hand or side (leg, eye) of a person or other object (as the stronger and more dexterous); locally, the south
הַיְשִׁימֽוֹן׃ of Jeshimon H3452
הַיְשִׁימֽוֹן׃ of Jeshimon
Strong's: H3452
Word #: 13 of 13
a desolation

Analysis & Commentary

And they arose, and went to Ziph before Saul: but David and his men were in the wilderness of Maon, in the plain on the south of Jeshimon.

The geographical notice creates narrative tension. The Ziphites depart on their reconnaissance mission while David has already moved—he is no longer in Ziph but in Maon's wilderness. The Hebrew 'Arabah' (plain) describes the rift valley region. Jeshimon ('wasteland') marks the desolate area toward the Dead Sea. David's movement, whether by divine prompting or tactical instinct, placed him elsewhere when danger arrived at his previous location. This pattern of narrow escapes characterizes God's preservation—David remained one step ahead through providence that coordinated his movements with enemy arrivals.

Historical Context

The wilderness of Maon was adjacent to the wilderness of Ziph, both in the Judean hill country. David's band continuously relocated, making fixed intelligence quickly obsolete. The Arabah provided additional escape routes toward the Dead Sea region.

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